Analysis & Design of Active RFID Tag

The Active Radio Frequency Identification tag that is RFID tag with battery is promising solution for low power consumption and precise localization in indoor as well as for outdoor environment. In this paper, Design and Implementation of an Active RFID tag is proposed with capability of far reading distance, high reliability, low cost, low power consumption and long life. The Active RFID tag is a transmitter designed using the AVR ATmega16 microcontroller and wireless data transmission chip CC2500. The objective of tag is achieved by optimization of the circuit design for continuous Tag ID transmission of each Tag has its unique ID. The transmitted Tag ID is captured by receiver referred as RFID reader, the hardware and software implementation are presented in this paper with measurement in a typical indoor environment. Keywords-— RFID, Low Cost, Active Tag, Short Range Communicatio

Management of Knowledge Representation Standards Activities

This report describes the efforts undertaken over the last two years to identify the issues underlying the current difficulties in sharing and reuse, and a community wide initiative to overcome them. First, we discuss four bottlenecks to sharing and reuse, present a vision of a future in which these bottlenecks have been ameliorated, and describe the efforts of the initiative's four working groups to address these bottlenecks. We then address the supporting technology and infrastructure that is critical to enabling the vision of the future. Finally, we consider topics of longer-range interest by reviewing some of the research issues raised by our vision

Contraceptive practices and awareness of emergency contraception among Muslim women of urban slum of Raichur, Karnataka

Background: According to NFHS-2005, prevalence of female sterilization is lowest among Muslims (21 percent). Many women prefer not to use contraception and continue childbearing until they have at least one son. Proper use of family planning methods is the key to preventing unplanned pregnancies. This study aimed to assess the contraceptive practices and awareness about emergency contraception among 82 married Muslim women in the reproductive age group.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in an urban slum area, Raichur where all the Muslim married women in the reproductive age group, attending OPD at UHC, during between August and September 2013 were interviewed using a pre-tested and pre-structured questionnaire. Privacy, anonymity and confidentiality were maintained throughout the process of this study.Results: Out of total 82 Muslim ever married women, majority of them were literate, 63 (76.8%). 50 (61.0%) of women had family size less than or equal to 5. 44 (53.7%) were married at 16-19 years of age and 8 (9.8%) women married between 12-15 years of age which is below legal age of marriage. Maximum total numbers of births were 3-4. Those who wanted male child had births between 5-6. Majority of women 34 (41.5%) had a birth interval of 1 year and 19.5% women had no birth interval. 32 (39.0%) women didn’t use any contraceptive till they completed family. 71 (86.5%) women were aware of all the methods of contraception. Majority of women 30 (36.6%) received information from doctors. Only 11 (13.4%) women were aware of Emergency Contraception.Conclusions: Despite 76.8% literacy and 86.5% of awareness of the various methods of contraception, contraceptive practices were low among women. 32 (39.0%) women didn’t use any contraceptive till they completed family. There is a gap between awareness and practice. Awareness of emergency contraception is quite low among women (13.4%). Emphasis has to be laid on delaying marriage and first pregnancy and education on planning and spacing children and reproductive contraceptive options, especially emergency contraception since all contraceptive methods can have potential failure; the use of emergency contraceptive of plays an important role in preventing unplanned pregnancies. There is a need to improve women's education about EC. The primary health care providers can play a major role in informing their patients about emergency contraception

Infant’s MRI Brain Tissue Segmentation using Integrated CNN Feature Extractor and Random Forest

Infant MRI brain soft tissue segmentation become more difficult task compare with adult MRI brain tissue segmentation, due to Infant’s brain have a very low Signal to noise ratio among the white matter_WM and the gray matter _GM. Due the fast improvement of the overall brain at this time , the overall shape and appearance of the brain differs significantly. Manual segmentation of anomalous tissues is time-consuming and unpleasant. Essential Feature extraction in traditional machine algorithm is based on experts, required prior knowledge and also system sensitivity has change. Recently, bio-medical image segmentation based on deep learning has presented significant potential in becoming an important element of the clinical assessment process. Inspired by the mentioned objective, we introduce a methodology for analysing infant image in order to appropriately segment tissue of infant MRI images. In this paper, we integrated random forest classifier along with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) for segmentation of infants MRI of Iseg 2017 dataset. We segmented infants MRI brain images into such as WM- white matter, GM-gray matter and CSF-cerebrospinal fluid tissues, the obtained result show that the recommended integrated CNN-RF method outperforms and archives a superior DSC-Dice similarity coefficient, MHD-Modified Hausdorff distance and ASD-Average surface distance for respective segmented tissue of infants brain MRI

MIVAN FORMWORK TECHNOLOGY

Construction is one of the significant sectors of Indian economy and is an integral part of the development. Today India’s urban population is the second largest in the world and its future development leads to increased demand for housing to cope with this problem India should desperately need to plan for acquisition of land and rapid creation of dwelling units. Construction is a complex process involving basically the areas of Architectural planning, Engineering & Construction. There is growing realization today that speed of construction needs to be given greater importance especially for large housing projects. This is not only essential for the faster turnover of equipment and investment – leading possible to the reduction in the housing cost but also for achieving the national objective of creating a large stock to overcome shortest possible time. Fortunately, some of the advanced technologies catering to faster speed of construction are already available in the country. For e.g. Prefabrication, autoclaved blocks, tunnel formwork, aluminium formwork (MIVAN Technology) of construction etc.   The aluminium formwork system was developed by Malaysian Company and that’s why the aluminium formwork technology is named after it. Mivan is an aluminium formwork system used widely in the construction of residential units and mass housing projects. It is fast, simple, adaptable, durable and cost effective, produces total quality work which requires minimum maintenance. This system suitable for Indian condition as a tailor made aluminium formwork for cast-in-situ fully concrete structure.  Mivan is new construction technology upcoming for successful completion of mass housing project in India. In this project we have discussed about cost comparison of mivan technology with conventional construction technology. The Mivan technology is absolutely fine with cost, quality and time saving as compare to conventional

Variation suggestive of horizontal gene transfer at a lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthetic locus in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice

BACKGROUND: In animal pathogenic bacteria, horizontal gene transfer events (HGT) have been frequently observed in genomic regions that encode functions involved in biosynthesis of the outer membrane located lipopolysaccharide (LPS). As a result, different strains of the same pathogen can have substantially different lps biosynthetic gene clusters. Since LPS is highly antigenic, the variation at lps loci is attributed to be of advantage in evading the host immune system. Although LPS has been suggested as a potentiator of plant defense responses, interstrain variation at lps biosynthetic gene clusters has not been reported for any plant pathogenic bacterium. RESULTS: We report here the complete sequence of a 12.2 kb virulence locus of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) encoding six genes whose products are homologous to functions involved in LPS biosynthesis and transport. All six open reading frames (ORFs) have atypical G+C content and altered codon usage, which are the hallmarks of genomic islands that are acquired by horizontal gene transfer. The lps locus is flanked by highly conserved genes, metB and etfA, respectively encoding cystathionine gamma lyase and electron transport flavoprotein. Interestingly, two different sets of lps genes are present at this locus in the plant pathogens, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). The genomic island is present in a number of Xoo strains from India and other Asian countries but is not present in two strains, one from India (BXO8) and another from Nepal (Nepal624) as well as the closely related rice pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoor). TAIL-PCR analysis indicates that sequences related to Xac are present at the lps locus in both BXO8 and Nepal624. The Xoor strain has a hybrid lps gene cluster, with sequences at the metB and etfA ends, being most closely related to sequences from Xac and the tomato pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of hypervariation at an lps locus between different strains of a plant pathogenic bacterium. Our results indicate that multiple HGT events have occurred at this locus in the xanthomonad group of plant pathogens

Management of a permanent maxillary first molar with two disto buccal canals with the aid of spiral computed tomography: a case report

Human molars show considerable anatomic variations with respect to number of roots and root canals. The most common form of the permanent maxillary first molar has three roots and four canals, two mesiobuccal canals and one distobuccal and palatal canal each. 98.3% of maxillary first molar have been reported to have a single distobuccal canal. Two canals were found only 1.7% of the time, hence showing the second disto buccal canal to being a rare occurrence. Conventionally radiographs are used to determine root canal anatomy, which is a 2- dimensional representation of a 3-dimensional object. Diagnostic methods like spiral computerized tomography where a 3 dimensional data is acquired are useful to determine complex morphology. This case report presents the management of a maxillary first molar with two disto buccal root canals confirmed with the aid of computed tomography along with the conventional radiographic method. Computed Tomography scan slices revealed two separate distobuccal canals at the coronal 3rd of the root. The second distobuccal canal was missing in the middle and apical 3rd indicating; it might have joined the distobuccal canal at the middle 3rd area

Numerical Solution of the MHD Reynolds Equation for Squeeze-Film Lubrication between Porous and Rough Rectangular Plates

The present theoretical study investigates the effects of surface roughness and couple-stress fluid between two rectangular plates, of which an upper rough plate has a roughness structure and the lower plate has a porous material in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The lubricant in the gap is taken to be a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting couple-stress fluid. This gap is separated by a film thickness H which is made up of nominal smooth part and rough part. The modified Reynolds equation in the film region is derived for one-dimensional longitudinal roughness structure and solved numerically using multigrid method. The numerical results for various physical parameters are discussed in terms of pressure distribution, load capacity, and squeeze film time of the bearing surfaces. Our results show that, the pressure distribution, load capacity and squeeze film time are predominant for larger values of Hartman number and roughness parameter, and for smaller values of couple-stress parameters when compared to their corresponding classical cases